Fig. 1

Distribution of toxin genes among the C. perfringens strains from different sources. A Detection rates of cpb2-negative pCP13-like plasmids in different sources. B Box-plot of the toxin genes counts. C Volcano plot of the non-typing toxin genes between C. perfringens strains from pigs and bovines, D pigs and sheep/goats, E pigs and chickens, and F pigs and humans. The X-axis represents the difference in gene prevalence (in pigs-in other sources). The Y-axis represents the transformed P value (− Log10 P value). **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001, NS.: no significance