Table 4 Candidate fly species and their secretory products and properties utilized in maggot-based therapies

Calliphora vicina

Alloferon 1 and 2

Antibacterial action against antibiotic resistant E. coli, S. aureus, A. baumannii biofilms; antifungal activity against Candida albicans; antiprotozoal activity against Cutaneous Leishmaniosis

[143,144,145,146]

Chrysomia megacephala

ES

Antibacterial activity, Promotes egg disinfection efficiency

[147]

Cochliomyia macellaria

ES

Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus

[148]

Lucilia eximia

Lucilin

Antibacterial action against Gram negative bacteria, potent immunomodulator decreasing production of TNF-α

[149]

Lucilia sericata

Lucifensin, Lucimycin

Antibacterial action against biofilm, antifungal activity, antiprotozoal activity against Cutaneous Leishmaniosis, promotes fibroblast migration and angiogenesis

[106, 146, 150, 151]

Lucilia cuprina

Lucifensin II

Antibacterial action against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus

[152, 153]

ES

Virucidal properties against Rift Valley Fever and Coxsackie B4 viruses

[154]

Musca domestica

Musca domestica antifungal peptide-1 (MAF-1)

Potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans

[155]

MAF-1A analogs viz. Mt6 and D-Mt6

Antibacterial action against Acinetobacter baumannii

[156]

Protophormia terraenovae

Phormia A and B

Antibacterial action against Gram +ve bacteria

[157]

Sarconesiopsis magellanica

Sarconesin, Sarconesin II

Antibacterial action against Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria; Antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania panamensis

[158,159,160]