Table 3 Occurrence and distribution of clinically significant ARGs in aquatic animals and products
From: Global distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes in aquaculture
Classes of ARGs | Genotypes | Resistant phenotype | Pathogen | Host | Isolation sources | Prevalence | Collection date | Location | GenBank No. /References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β-lactams | blaNDM-1 | All β-lactams with the exception of aztreonam and β-inhibitors | E. coli | Mastacembelus | intestines | / | 2020.03 | Vietnam: Hanoi | NZ_AP026939.1 |
A. veronii | Channa striata | intestines | / | 2020.03 | Vietnam:Â Hanoi | NZ_AP027937.1 | |||
V. fluvialis | Solenidae | / | / | 2022.08 | China: Shandong | NZ_CP126305.1 | |||
V. parahaemolyticus | a shelled shrimp tail (imported from Vietnam to France) | / | / | 2016.01 | France | PETB00000000/ [23] | |||
V. cholerae | shrimps (supermarkets) | / | / | 2023 | China: Shenzhen | NZ_JBBFAW010000010.1 | |||
V. alginolyticus | shrimps (supermarkets) | / | 13/1363, 0.95% | 2016.12 | China:Â Shenzhen | GCA_020223695.1/ [65] | |||
V. alginolyticus | cooked prawns (imported from Thailand) | / | / | 2021 | Australia:Â Melbourne | GCF_026639325.1/ [24] | |||
Citrobacter braakii, Providencia rettgeri | frozen retail shrimp (imported from Vietnam purchased at a grocery store in USA) | whole shrimps | / | 2022 | USA: Ohio | CP114802, CP114797/ [25] | |||
K. pneumoniae | Ruditapes decussatus (markets) | / | 2/18, 11.1% (selective media) | 2016.03 | Tunisia:Â Gabes | [21] | |||
A. sobria, Acinetobacter baumanii | frozen shrimps (imported from Asia sold in supermarkets in USA) | / | 2/948, 0.2% | 2019 | USA: New York | [45] | |||
A. veronii, A. hydrophila, Aeromonas enteropelogenes | river fish (supermarkets) | intestines | 7/83, 8.4% (selective media) | 2020.03 | Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh | [22] | |||
Escherichia cloacae | Bivalve mollusks (retail seafood products imported from Vietnam) | / | 2/101, 2% (selective media) | 2019– 2014 | Canada | [64] | |||
E. cloacae | Penaeus monodon (imported from Vietnam) | / | 3/117, 2.6% (selective media) | 2020 | Japan | BPMY01000001.1/ [62] | |||
blaNDM-5 | E. coli | Otolithes cuvieri (retail markets) | / | 1/19, 5.3% | 2016 | India:Â Mumbai | KJ576638/ [20] | ||
E. coli | fish | / | / | 2021 | Bangladesh: Dhaka | DAQNEZ010000074.1 | |||
E. coli, C. freundii | Ctenopharyngodon idella (supermarkets) | intestines | 7/196, 3.6% (selective media) | 2019.01 | China: Guangzhou | NZ_CP054192.1/ [46] | |||
E. coli | Procambarus clarkii | / | / | 2020 | China | NZ_CP084057.1 | |||
K. pneumoniae | wild-caught fish (fishmarkets) | a fragment of liver, kidney and spleen | / | / | Djibouti | [24] | |||
K. pneumoniae | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (farms), Labeo rohita (farms, markets) | Intestinal swabs | 4/18, 22.2% (selective media) | 2020– 2021 | India: Uttar Pradesh | [67] | |||
Colistin | mcr-1 | Polycolistin B | S. enterica serovar Rissen | raw mussel (production area) | / | 1/19, 5.3% | 2012– 2016 | Spain: Galicia | [26] |
E. coli | Oncorhynchus mykiss (farms) | intestines | 5/5, 100% (selective media) | 2019 | Lebanon:Â Bekaa | SAMN14127928/ [68] | |||
E. coli | fish (supermarkets) | flesh, gills and intestine | 4/257, 1.6% | 2012– 2016 | China: Guangzhou/Hangzhou/Nanjing | [59] | |||
E. coli |  | intestines | 58/63, 92.1% (selective media) | 2019– 2020 | Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh/ Can Tho | [69] | |||
mcr-3 | E. coli | C. striata, C. fuscus (markets) | intestines | 5/63, 7.9% (selective media) | 2019– 2020 | Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh/ Can Tho | [69] | ||
mcr-9.1 | Enterobacter ludwigii | Sparus aurata (a land tank from a fish multitrophic farming) | muscle | / | 2018.03 | Portugal | NZ_JABRPH010000155.1/ [27] | ||
S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium | frozen crawfish | whole shrimps | / | 2011.07 | China | AAEDLY010000064 | |||
mcr-10 | Enterobacter hormaechei | fish | / | / | 2018 | Germany | NZ_JADOZA010000047.1 | ||
Tetracyclines | tet(X4) | tigecycline | E. coli | shrimps (markets) | fecal swab | 1/29, 3.4% (selective media) | 2023 | China:Â Shenzhen | NG_065852.1/ [29] |
E. coli, C. freundii | fish, shrimps, crabs, shellfish (markets) | / | 9/73, 12.3% (selective media) | 2021.07– 2022.09 | China: Guangzhou | SAMN36775957-SAMN36775966/ [28] | |||
tmexCD- toprJ | A. veronii,  A. hydrophila | fish | intestines | 7/80, 8.8% | 2019.05– 2021.04 | China: Zhejiang | [70] | ||
tmexC2D2.2- toprJ2 | A. hydrophila | fish (markets) | muscle | 1/45, 2.2% (selective media) | 2021.12 | China:Â Guangzhou | [71] | ||
tmexCD2- toprJ1 | Pseudomonas putida | shrimp | / | / | 2023.10 | China:Â Huzhou | NZ_JBFNXZ010000012 | ||
Glycopeptides | vanA | high level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin | Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans | S. aurata (natural marine ecosystem) | faeces | 7/118, 5.9% (selective media) | 2007 | Portugal | [30] |
E. faecalis, E. gallinarum | tilapia, shrimps (supermarkets) | / | 20/54, 37% | 2023.06– 2023.12 | Egypt | [33] | |||
vanB | E. faecalis, Enterococcus gallinarum | tilapia, shrimps (supermarkets) | / | 17/54, 31.5% | 2023.06–2023.12 | Egypt | [33] | ||
Oxazolidinones | optrA | linezolid | S. agalactiae | tilapia (supermarkets) | sliced fish | / | 2015 | Singapore | DASIHH010000019.1 |
E. faecalis | catfish | / | / | 2020 | USA:Â Los Angeles | AAXDOC010000037.1 | |||
E. faecium, E. faecalis, E. durans | fish | / | / | 2022 | China | NZ_JARPTN010000027.1NZ_JARQEZ010000006.1 | |||
S. aureus, Staphylococcus lentus, Â Staphylococcus haemolyticus | Gadidae (salted and seasoned seafoods) | fillets (muscle and skin tissues) | 44/311, 14.1% | / | Italy | [32] |